![]() Bunroku referring to the Japanese era name spanning the period from 1592 to 1596. In Japanese, the war is called Bunroku no eki (文禄の役). Imjin is the Korean reading of the Chinese phrase renchen (壬辰) Jeong-yu is the Korean reading for dingyou (丁酉). In Chinese, the wars are referred to as the " Wanli Korean Campaign", after the reigning Chinese emperor, or the "Renchen War to Defend the Nation" (壬辰衛國戰爭). Collectively, the invasions are referred to as the "Imjin War". The second invasion (1597–1598) is called the "Second War of Jeong-yu" (丁酉). ![]() In Korean, the first invasion (1592–1593) is called the "Japanese Disturbance ( 倭 亂 wae ran) of Imjin", where 1592 is an imjin year in the sexagenary cycle. The size and scale of the invasions would not be matched or surpassed for nearly 350 years until the Normandy landings of June 6, 1944, when nearly 352,000 Allied troops were committed to the invasion. The Japanese invasions of Korea at the time were the largest seaborne invasions in history, with the Japanese committing over 300,000 men to the campaigns. Final peace negotiations between the parties followed, and continued for several years, ultimately resulting in the normalization of relations. With Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death in 1598, limited progress on land, and continued disruption of supply lines by the Joseon navy, the Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the new governing Council of Five Elders. However, the pursuing Ming and Joseon forces were unable to dislodge the Japanese from these positions, where both sides again became locked in a ten-month-long military stalemate. ![]() The Japanese had initial successes on land, capturing several cities and fortresses, only to be halted and forced to withdraw to the southern coastal regions of the peninsula. The pattern of the second invasion largely mirrored that of the first. In 1597, Japan renewed its offensive by invading Korea a second time. The first phase of the invasion ended in 1596, and was followed afterwards by ultimately unsuccessful peace negotiations between Japan and the Ming. Afterwards, with righteous armies (Joseon civilian militias) conducting guerrilla warfare against the occupying Japanese forces and supply difficulties hampering both sides, neither force was able to mount a successful offensive or gain any additional territory, resulting in a military stalemate. Japan quickly succeeded in occupying large portions of the Korean Peninsula, but the contribution of reinforcements by the Ming, as well as the disruption of Japanese supply fleets along the western and southern coasts by the Joseon navy, forced the Japanese forces to withdraw from Pyongyang and the northern provinces. The invasions were launched by Toyotomi Hideyoshi with the intent of conquering the Korean Peninsula and China proper, which were ruled by the Joseon and Ming dynasties, respectively. The conflict ended in 1598 with the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula after a military stalemate in Korea's southern provinces. The Japanese invasions of Korea, commonly known as the Imjin War, involved two separate yet linked invasions: an initial invasion in 1592 ( Korean: 임진왜란 Hanja: 壬辰倭亂), a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597 ( Korean: 정유재란 Hanja: 丁酉再亂). Joseon: 1,000,000+ civilian and military deaths (including 260,000+ troops killed or wounded) Withdrawal of Japanese forces from Korean peninsula following military stalemate Ĩ4,500+ –192,000 (including sailors and insurgent fighters) ģ00 ships (200 scuttled in the initial phase of the war) ĥ0,000 soldiers (including naval reinforcements) ġ58,800 (including labourers and sailors) ġ,000 ships (some armed with cannons).
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